How long does naturalization take?

Most applicants must be LPRs for at least 5 years (3 years if married to a U.S. citizen). Processing times vary by [def:uscis|USCIS] office [§ 8 U.S.C. 1427].

What happens during the naturalization interview?

A USCIS officer reviews your N-400 application, tests your English ability (reading, writing, speaking), and administers a civics test (6 of 10 questions correct to pass [§ 8 C.F.R. 312.1]). You will be asked about your background, travel, and moral character.

Can a criminal record prevent naturalization?

Some criminal convictions permanently bar naturalization (aggravated felonies). Others temporarily bar naturalization or raise good moral character concerns. Any criminal history should be discussed with an attorney before filing [§ 8 U.S.C. 1101(f)].

Where do I take the naturalization test in Virginia?

Naturalization interviews and oath ceremonies are conducted at the USCIS Norfolk Field Office; USCIS Washington, D.C. Field Office (serves Northern Virginia).

Topic guideUpdated 2026-02-27

Naturalization & Citizenship in Virginia — Path to Becoming a Citizen

Requirements, the N-400 process, English and civics tests, and USCIS offices in Virginia.

Naturalization is the process by which a lawful permanent resident becomes a U.S. citizen §8 U.S.C. 1427. Citizenship provides permanent protection from Deportation, the right to vote, and the ability to sponsor additional family members.

Eligibility requirements

Continuous residence

You must have been an LPR for at least 5 years (3 years if married to a U.S. citizen) §8 U.S.C. 1427 and have been physically present in the U.S. for at least half that time §8 U.S.C. 1427.

Good moral character

You must demonstrate good moral character for the statutory period. Certain criminal convictions or fraud can bar naturalization §8 U.S.C. 1101(f).

English and civics

You must pass an English language test (reading, writing, speaking) and a U.S. civics test covering government and history §8 U.S.C. 1423. Exemptions exist for applicants over 50 with 20+ years as LPRs §8 U.S.C. 1423.

File Form N-400

Submit the Application for Naturalization with USCIS, attend a biometrics appointment, and complete an interview at your local field office.

USCIS in Virginia

Your application will be processed at the USCIS Norfolk Field Office; USCIS Washington, D.C. Field Office (serves Northern Virginia).

Benefits access during the waiting period

LPRs may access most federal benefits after the five-year waiting period under PRWORA. Virginia expanded Medicaid in 2019, and qualifying LPRs may access coverage after the waiting period. Virginia provides FAMIS (Children's Health Insurance Program) coverage to lawfully residing immigrant children and pregnant women without a waiting period.

✓Start gathering documents early: tax returns (5 years), travel records, address history, and any court records. Processing times vary — check the USCIS case processing times page for your local office.

Prepare for Your Consultation

Quick checklist (Immigration)

Gather these before your first consultation.

Valid identification

(passport, birth certificate, national ID)

Immigration documents

(visa, I-94, approval notices, prior petitions)

Supporting evidence

(employment records, family ties, financial docs)

General preparation tips only. Specific needs depend on your case type and immigration status.

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