Can Social Security be garnished?

Generally no. Social Security, SSI, veterans' benefits, and most federal benefits are exempt from garnishment for consumer debts. Exceptions apply for federal taxes, child support, alimony, and federal student loans.

What is the homestead exemption in Virginia?

Virginia protects up to $50,000 in a principal residence; plus a $5,000 general exemption ($10,000 if 65 or older) and $500 per dependent; disabled veterans may claim an additional $10,000 (Va. Code 34-4.1) of equity in your primary residence from creditor claims [§ 34-4]. This means a judgment creditor generally cannot force the sale of your home unless your equity exceeds the exemption amount.

Can I stop a garnishment?

Yes. You can file a claim of exemption with the court if the garnishment exceeds legal limits, if the income is exempt (Social Security, etc.), or if the garnishment causes extreme hardship. You may also be able to negotiate a settlement or consider bankruptcy, which provides an automatic stay.

Topic guideUpdated 2026-02-27

Virginia Wage Garnishment — Limits & Exemptions

Q: How much of my wages can be garnished in Virginia?

Virginia limits garnishment to the lesser of the amount exceeding 40x the greater of the federal or the current Virginia minimum wage, or 25% of disposable earnings [§ 34-29], which is more protective than the federal 25% limit.

Wage garnishment limits, homestead exemptions, head-of-household protections, and how to challenge a garnishment in Virginia.

Wage garnishment is a court order requiring your employer to withhold a portion of your earnings and send it to a creditor. In Virginia, garnishment is limited by both federal and state law §34-29.

Virginia garnishment limits

Virginia provides greater protection than federal law.

Maximum garnishment: the lesser of the amount exceeding 40x the greater of the federal or the current Virginia minimum wage, or 25% of disposable earnings §34-29

Federal vs. Virginia limits

	\| Federal	Virginia
Maximum garnishment	25% of disposable earnings §15 U.S.C. 1673	the lesser of the amount exceeding 40x the greater of the federal or the current Virginia minimum wage, or 25%
Minimum wage floor	30x federal minimum wage §15 U.S.C. 1673	Higher (more protective)
Which applies	Whichever protects more of your wages	—

What is exempt from garnishment

Not all income can be garnished. Federal law §15 U.S.C. 1673 and Virginia law protect:

Social Security benefits (with limited exceptions for taxes and child support)
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
Veterans' benefits
Public assistance / welfare payments
Workers' compensation benefits
Retirement and pension income (varies by source)

How to challenge a garnishment

Receive the garnishment notice

Your employer will notify you when they receive a garnishment order.

File a claim of exemption

If your income is exempt or the garnishment exceeds legal limits, you can file a claim of exemption with the court.

Request a hearing

The court will schedule a hearing where you can present evidence that the garnishment should be reduced or eliminated.

Homestead exemption

If you own a home in Virginia, the Homestead exemption protects up to $50,000 in a principal residence; plus a $5,000 general exemption ($10,000 if 65 or older) and $500 per dependent; disabled veterans may claim an additional $10,000 (Va. Code 34-4.1) of equity from creditor claims §34-4.

⚠Garnishment begins automatically once the creditor obtains a court order. If you believe the garnishment is improper or takes too much of your pay, you must act quickly to file a claim of exemption.

✓If you are struggling with a garnishment, explore whether the debt can be settled, whether bankruptcy would eliminate the underlying judgment, or whether you qualify for a reduction based on hardship.

Prepare for Your Consultation

Quick checklist (Debt Collection Defense)

Gather these before your first consultation.

All collection letters

(dates, amounts, collector names)

Account statements

(original creditor records)

Communication log

(calls, texts, voicemails)

General preparation tips only. Specific needs depend on your state and debt type.

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Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

General answers to common questions. Specific outcomes depend on your facts and timing.

If you have a deadline, court notice, or upcoming hearing, mention it when requesting assistance so timing can be evaluated promptly.

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Debt Collection Lawsuits in Virginia — What to Do If You're Sued

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Debt Settlement & Negotiation in Virginia — Options & Risks

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Legal authoritiesStatutes referenced on this page

Va. Code § 34-29

Virginia wage garnishment limits

Maximum garnishment: the lesser of the amount exceeding 40x the greater of the federal or the current Virginia minimum wage, or 25% of disposable earnings. More protective than federal law.

Maximum: the lesser of the amount exceeding 40x the greater of the federal or the current Virginia minimum wage, or 25%
Exceeds federal protection: yes

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15 U.S.C. § 1673

Federal wage garnishment limits (CCPA)

Federal law limits garnishment to 25% of disposable earnings or amount exceeding 30x federal minimum wage. Whichever is more protective applies.

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Verified 2026-07-13 · semiannual review

Va. Code § 34-4

Homestead exemption — $50,000 in a principal residence

Homestead protection in Virginia: $50,000 in a principal residence.

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Verified 2026-07-29 · quarterly review

Citations link to official or authoritative sources. Laws change — verify current text before relying on any statute. How we verify citations →