Vermont Wrongful Death Claims — Who Can File

When someone dies due to another person's negligence, recklessness, or intentional act in Vermont, the Wrongful death statute provides a legal remedy §14-1491. Understanding who can file, what damages are available, and how Vermont's specific rules shape these claims is essential for families navigating this process.

Personal representative of the estate for benefit of surviving spouse, children, and parents..

The Statute of limitations for wrongful death in Vermont is 2 years. Two years from discovery of the death. Brought by the personal representative. 14 V.S.A. § 1492(a). If the death occurred under circumstances such that probable cause is found to charge a person with homicide, the action must be commenced within seven years after discovery of the death or not more than two years after the criminal judgment becomes final, whichever occurs later; if the death was caused by an intentional act constituting murder, the action may be commenced within seven years after discovery of the death. 14 V.S.A. § 1492(a), (e).

This is a hard deadline. Once it passes, the claim is permanently barred regardless of the strength of the evidence.

Wrongful death damages compensate for the losses caused by the death itself:

• Loss of financial support — the income and economic contributions the deceased would have provided over their remaining life expectancy
• Loss of services — household labor, caregiving, maintenance, and other services the deceased provided
• Loss of companionship and consortium — the emotional and relational loss suffered by the spouse, children, and family
• Mental anguish — the grief and emotional suffering of surviving family members
• Medical and funeral expenses — costs incurred as a result of the final injury and death

Punitive damages

Punitive damages may be available when the defendant's conduct was especially egregious — involving wantonness, malice, or recklessness. These require proof by clear and convincing evidence §9-2366.

A wrongful death claim and a survival action are legally distinct:

• Wrongful death compensates the *survivors* for their losses — financial support, companionship, and grief
• Survival action compensates the *estate* for what the deceased person suffered before dying — medical expenses, pain, and lost wages between the injury and death

Vermont recognizes a separate survival action §14-1453 — a distinct claim for damages the deceased person suffered between the injury and death (medical expenses, pain, lost wages during that period). Separate survival action for decedent's pre-death injuries. Filed by personal representative of the estate.

• Vehicle accidents — car, truck, motorcycle, and pedestrian fatalities caused by negligent drivers
• Medical malpractice — surgical errors, misdiagnosis, medication errors, or failure to treat
• Workplace accidents — construction falls, equipment failures, toxic exposure (workers' compensation may limit but not eliminate remedies against third parties)
• Defective products — vehicles, medical devices, drugs, or machinery with dangerous design or manufacturing defects
• [def:Premises liability] — unsafe conditions on property leading to fatal injuries

Vermont follows modified comparative fault — damages are reduced by the injured person's percentage of fault, but if the injured person is 51% or more at fault, they recover nothing.

The fault rule applies in wrongful death just as in other personal injury claims. The defense will investigate whether the deceased person's own actions contributed to the fatal event.