OverviewUpdated 2026-02-27
Texas Probate Guide — What to Expect
Probate basics, timelines, and what happens next
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How Probate Works
When someone passes away, probate is the court-supervised process of settling their estate — identifying assets, paying debts, and distributing what remains to heirs or beneficiaries. Whether there's a will or not, most estates with titled property (homes, vehicles, bank accounts) must go through probate. The process can feel overwhelming, especially while grieving, but understanding the steps ahead makes it manageable.
1
📝
Gather Basics
will, death cert, assets
2
🏛️
File in County
court + venue rules
3
👤
Rep Appointed
executor / administrator
4
🔔
Inventory + Notices
assets, creditors, heirs
Estate Settlement
💰
Debts + Taxes
claims, expenses, filings
📄
Distribute Assets
per will or intestacy
✅
Close Estate
final accounting
High-level illustration only. Steps and order vary by facts and county.
The key phases of Texas probate
1
Filing the petition
Someone with standing — the Executor named in the will, or a close family member — files a petition with the probate court in the appropriate county.
2
Appointment and letters
The court reviews the petition, confirms the will if one exists, and issues Letters testamentary (with a will) or Letters of administration (without one) §304.001.
3
Inventory, notice, and Creditor claims
The Personal representative identifies assets, has property appraised if needed, publishes notice to creditors §308.051, and manages the claims period — a claim rejected by the personal representative is barred unless the claimant commences suit on the claim by the 90th day after the date of rejection (§ 355.064) §355.064.
4
Paying debts and expenses
Valid claims, taxes, and administration expenses are paid from estate funds in the priority order set by Texas statute §355.102.
5
Distribution and closing
After obligations are resolved, remaining assets are distributed to heirs or beneficiaries. The personal representative files a Final accounting and petitions to close.
What bypasses probate entirely
- Joint bank accounts with right of survivorship
- Life insurance policies with a named beneficiary
- Retirement accounts (401k, IRA) with a named beneficiary
- Payable-on-death (POD) or transfer-on-death (TOD) accounts
- Property held in a living trust
- Real estate held as joint tenants with right of survivorship
✓Even when most assets bypass probate, you may still need to open a case if there are debts to resolve, a will to validate, or any solely-owned property to transfer.
When timing matters most
Texas does not impose a strict deadline to file for probate, but delays create problems. Creditors may pursue claims independently, property may deteriorate without authorized management, and family disputes tend to intensify over time.
⚠If you have been named as Executor or expect to serve as Administrator, consult an attorney early. Decisions made (or missed) in the first few weeks can affect the entire case.
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Common Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
General answers to common questions. Specific outcomes depend on your facts and timing.
If you have a deadline, court notice, or upcoming hearing, mention it when requesting assistance so timing can be evaluated promptly.
Legal authoritiesStatutes referenced on this page
Tex. Estates Code § 22.001 et seq.
Texas Estates Code (replaced the Texas Probate Code effective January 1, 2014)
Texas's primary probate code governing wills, intestacy, and estate administration.
Verified 2026-07-24 · quarterly review
Tex. Estates Code § 201.001–201.151
Intestate succession
Determines who inherits when there is no valid will — surviving spouse, children, parents, siblings, in statutory order. Heir must survive decedent by 120 hours (5 days) under § 121.052.
- Surviving spouse receives all community property; all personal property and one-third of separate lands (remainder to descendants) if surviving descendants exist — otherwise all separate property
- With children of both spouses: all community property; one-third of separate personal property and a life estate in one-third of separate land
- With surviving parents, no children: all community property; all separate personal property; one-half of separate land (other half to parents, siblings, or their descendants)
Tex. Estates Code § 251.051
Will execution requirements
A valid Texas will must be in writing, signed by the testator, and attested by at least 2 witnesses. Holographic wills are also recognized.
Verified 2026-07-24 · quarterly review
Tex. Estates Code § 304.001
Personal representative appointment
Governs who may be appointed to serve as personal representative.
Verified 2026-07-24 · quarterly review
Tex. Estates Code § 308.051
Notice to creditors
Requires publication of notice to estate creditors.
Verified 2026-07-24 · quarterly review
Tex. Estates Code § 355.064
Nonclaim statute
Creditor claims must be filed within the nonclaim period: a claim rejected by the personal representative is barred unless the claimant commences suit on the claim by the 90th day after the date of rejection (§ 355.064).
Verified 2026-07-29 · quarterly review
Tex. Estates Code § 355.102
Payment priority
Sets the statutory order for paying estate debts when assets are insufficient to cover all claims.
Verified 2026-07-24 · quarterly review
Citations link to official or authoritative sources. Laws change — verify current text before relying on any statute. How we verify citations →