What happens if I can't find my spouse to serve them?

If you cannot locate your spouse after diligent search, the court may allow service by publication. This involves publishing notice in a newspaper for a specified period. You must document your search efforts.

Can I serve papers myself?

No. In virtually all jurisdictions, a party to the case cannot serve the other party. You must use a process server, sheriff, or other authorized person who is not involved in the case.

What if my spouse refuses to accept service?

If the respondent refuses to accept personal service, the process server documents the refusal. In many jurisdictions, leaving the papers with the person (even if they refuse to take them) constitutes valid service.

How long does the other party have to respond after service?

Response deadlines vary by jurisdiction and method of service. Service by publication usually allows a longer response period.

Does defective service matter?

Yes. If service is defective, the court may lack jurisdiction over the respondent. Any orders entered without valid service may be voidable, which can undo months of litigation.

Topic guideUpdated 2026-02-27

New Hampshire Family Law — How Service of Process Works

Methods, requirements, and common problems with service of process in New Hampshire family law cases

Service of process in New Hampshire family law cases ensures that the other party receives proper legal notice of the action being taken. A case cannot proceed to judgment without valid service — it is a constitutional requirement.

💡Defective service can result in delays, dismissed motions, or even voided judgments. Getting service right the first time saves significant time and expense.

Methods of service

Personal service — a process server or sheriff physically delivers the documents to the respondent
Certified mail — some jurisdictions allow service by certified mail with return receipt
Service by publication — when the respondent cannot be located after diligent search, notice is published in a newspaper
Waiver of service — the respondent voluntarily accepts the documents and waives formal service requirements

When service must occur

File the petition

The petitioner files the divorce or family law petition with the court.

Obtain summons

The court clerk issues a summons directing the respondent to respond.

Serve the respondent

The petition and summons must be served on the respondent within the time allowed by court rules.

File proof of service

The person who served the documents files an affidavit or certificate of service with the court.

Response deadline

The respondent has a set number of days after service to file a response.

Service by publication

If the respondent cannot be found despite reasonable efforts, the court may allow service by publication. This typically requires:

An affidavit explaining the efforts made to locate the respondent
Court approval before publication begins
Publication in a newspaper of general circulation for a specified period
A longer response period for the respondent after publication

✓Service by publication creates a valid case, but the court's ability to order personal obligations (like support) may be limited until the respondent appears or is personally served.

Common service problems

Respondent actively avoids service (may require multiple attempts or alternative methods)
Respondent is in another state (may require compliance with that state's service rules)
Incorrect address delays service and extends the case timeline
Service attempted by an unauthorized person (must be someone not a party to the case)

⚠Never serve papers yourself. In most jurisdictions, a party to the case cannot serve the other party. Use a professional process server, sheriff, or other authorized person.

Prepare for Your Consultation

Quick checklist (Family Law)

Bring what you have — missing items can be filled in later.

Current custody / support

orders (if any)

Key dates

and communications

Income / expense basics

(if support involved)

General preparation tips only. Procedures vary by court and issues.

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Common Questions