What is the difference between civil and criminal contempt?

Civil contempt seeks to compel future compliance — the contemnor can purge the contempt by obeying the order [§ 42-370]. Criminal contempt punishes past behavior. Family law enforcement typically uses civil contempt.

Can someone go to jail for not paying child support?

Yes, but only after a hearing where the court finds that the non-payment was willful and that the person had the ability to pay [§ 42-370]. Inability to pay is a defense to contempt.

What evidence do I need for a contempt motion?

You need the specific court order, evidence of the violation (dates, amounts, communications), and evidence that the violator had the ability to comply [§ 42-370]. The more specific and documented your evidence, the stronger your case.

How long does a contempt case take?

Contempt hearings are scheduled based on the court's calendar. Emergency situations may be heard more quickly.

Can I file contempt without an attorney?

While you can file [def:pro se|pro se], contempt proceedings involve significant procedural requirements [§ 42-370]. The alleged violator has due process rights, and procedural errors can result in dismissal of the motion.

Topic guideUpdated 2026-02-27

Nebraska Family Law — Contempt & Enforcement Actions

How to enforce custody, support, and other family law orders through contempt proceedings in Nebraska

When a party violates a family law court order in Nebraska, the other party can seek enforcement through contempt proceedings §42-370. Civil contempt is designed to compel compliance — not to punish — and remains one of the most powerful tools for enforcing custody, support, and property division orders.

💡The distinction between civil and criminal contempt matters. Civil contempt seeks compliance and the contemnor can "purge" the contempt by obeying the order. Criminal contempt seeks punishment for past violations.

Common violations that lead to contempt

Failure to pay court-ordered child support or spousal support
Denial of court-ordered visitation or parenting time
Failure to transfer property as ordered in the divorce decree
Violation of restraining orders or protective orders
Failure to maintain required insurance coverage
Refusal to cooperate with court-ordered evaluations or programs

The contempt process

File a motion for contempt

The aggrieved party files a motion identifying the specific order violated and how it was violated.

Service

The motion must be served on the alleged violator §42-352.

Hearing

The court holds a hearing where both parties can present evidence.

Finding

The court determines whether the violation was willful and whether the violator had the ability to comply.

Sanctions

If contempt is found, the court can impose remedies: make-up visitation, payment plans, wage Garnishment, fines, or in serious cases, incarceration.

Defenses to contempt

Inability to comply (e.g., lost job and genuinely cannot pay support)
Ambiguity in the original order
Substantial compliance (minor deviations from exact terms)
Order was already modified or superseded

✓When filing for contempt, be specific. Identify the exact provision of the order that was violated, the dates of violation, and the evidence you have. Vague allegations are less effective.

Other enforcement mechanisms

Beyond contempt, Nebraska courts have additional enforcement tools:

Income withholding orders for child support §43-1718
Liens on real and personal property
Interception of tax refunds
Suspension of driver's license or professional licenses
Posting of bonds or security

⚠Contempt proceedings are quasi-criminal in nature. The alleged violator has significant due process rights, including the right to notice, a hearing, and in some cases, appointed counsel. Filing frivolous contempt motions can backfire.

Prepare for Your Consultation

Quick checklist (Family Law)

Bring what you have — missing items can be filled in later.

Current custody / support

orders (if any)

Key dates

and communications

Income / expense basics

(if support involved)

General preparation tips only. Procedures vary by court and issues.

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